Words had to change their meanings in response to events. Mindless aggression became courage. Forethought and hesitation became cowardice. Moderation was unmanliness. Seeing different sides of the question was a sign of an ivory-tower academic ‘expert’. Real men said what they thought, the more extreme the better, and anyone who objected was not to be trusted. If an opponent said something reasonable, this had to be condemned as criminal nonsense. Cheating the system was a sign of cleverness, while honesty and integrity were condemned as simple-mindedness. Law and morality were an unacceptable restraint on the Will of The People.
(Thucydides 3.82.4-5, adapted)
“… simple decency, that major constituent of a noble nature, was laughed out of sight. The division into opposing ideological camps created widespread distrust. No words had the force, and no oath the deterrence, to put a stop to it.” 3.83.1
Indeed. I’m working on adaptations of other parts of Thucydides’ account of the Corcyrean civil war, but this one seemed most pertinent this morning.